In 2020, the National Bank of Poland (NBP) responded to a 35% surge in demand for cash—the highest in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, on the first day of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, commercial banks withdrew 17 times the daily average in cash. How did the NBP meet these extraordinary demands without disrupting cash supply? In this presentation, Barbara will show how the NBP acted with foresight-using real-time data and coordination to ensure that a logistical challenge never became a crisis. She will also reflect on how these experiences have strengthened the resilience of Poland’s cash supply chain today, offering practical insights for central banks and industry stakeholders.