Madrid, Spain · 14–16 September 2022

2022 Review

Cash - a Means of Payment and So Much More!

Central banks, commercial sector cash industry professionals and delegates from the world of academia gathered in Madrid the 2022 edition of the Future of Cash, a much-anticipated event originally scheduled for April 2020.

Led by Guillaume Lepecq, Chair of CashEssentials, the two-day event was book-ended by two other important initiatives.  First, a three-part Futures Literacy Lab, which, in association with the UNESCO Chair for the Future of Finance, aimed at imagining the role of cash in the Future Monetary Landscape. Second, and to conclude. a half-day research seminar seeking to better Understand the Cost of Payments.

Setting the Scene

Future Of Cash 112

Day One of the conference welcomed three senior central bank representatives - Helena Tejero from the Banco de España, Paloma Varela from the European Central Bank and Kathleen Young from the US Federal Reserve.  All three are relatively new to their current senior posts (Kathleen was appointed to the role of Chief of FedCash Services for Federal Reserve Financial Services just a few days earlier!), but all brought a wealth of industry experience and information from their respective organisations, providing delegates with rich insights on the continually evolving cash environment.

Each central bank speaker remarked on the significant growth of currency in circulation since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also highlighted in Europe a further spike in demand at the onset of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, reinforcing how in times of adversity and uncertainty, people still turn to cash.

More recent returns of excess cash to central bank branches were also noted as inflation and interest rate rises start to bite, a trend together with an increased focus on the cost of holding cash stocks to watch in the coming months.

The trends relating to the two major US dollar and euro currencies were not alone, as Antti Heinonen, member of the CashEssentials Steering Committee and former Director, Banknotes at the ECB showed through the data he regularly compiles from more than 100 central banks and issuing authorities.  Growth in banknote demand throughout the height of the COVID-19 pandemic averaged more than twice the long-term trend rate and that, while trends in 2021 reverted to closer to the norm in most countries, currency issue remains robust.

The disparity between increased currency issued and declines in actual transactional currency use was a repeated theme of the conference, as was the increasing focus being taken by central banks to better understand the dynamics of the commercial cash infrastructures in their countries.

Banco de España and the Federal Reserve both shared their research on changes to cash access as commercial bank branches and ATMs continued to close.  Alex Bau, VP Data and Policy Analysis at the Federal Reserve drilled down on this data in the CashEssentials’ research seminar, describing the analysis and simulation work done to estimate the consumer impact and cost of further reductions in cash access.

More Cash but less Cash Payments

Further central bank insights on Day Two reinforced many of the key themes already surfaced, with specific focus on cash trends in Germany being presented by Heike Wörlen from the Deutsche Bundesbank, Gianluca Maddaloni from Banca d’Italia sharing his cash supply chain management analysis in operatic fashion and Ian Woolford from Te Pūtea Matua, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ), providing an update on the work being undertaken as part of the Bank’s Future of Money – Te Moni Anamata - programme.

Heike shared findings from the Bundesbank’s sixth 2021 study on payment behaviour in Germany, reporting declines in cash, the payment method accounting for 58% of respondents’ purchases of goods and services, compared to 74% back in 2017. Online shopping and growth in debit card (primarily domestic Girocard) use are all playing their part to erode Germany’s historic preference for cash use. Ian noted findings from the RBNZ research which included widespread public support for cash even if the individuals weren’t particularly heavy users of cash in their own right.

Other central bank presentations came from Wim Goyens, who provided insights into the construction of the National Bank of Belgium’s new cash centre consolidating their cash operations in a purpose-built facility on the outskirts of Brussels. Carlos Gonzalez at Banca de España shared its work on addressing the environmental sustainability of cash in Spain.

Making the Case for Cash

Future Of Cash 93

Building on the growing focus on the environmental impact of cash use, Leeann Shanks - Sustainability Lead Cash & Self Service Operations at NatWest Group - described the work at her bank (both an issuer of banknotes in Scotland and a major participant in the British wholesale and retail cash supply chain) and the broader United Kingdom Cash Industry Environmental Charter Group which is working towards a greener cash cycle. Key takeaways were the need for better data points to measure tangible targets and how practical steps such as the reduction of plastic banknote packaging are having not just real environmental but also significant cost-saving benefits.

In his presentation,  Diederik Bruggink of the European Savings and Retail Banking Group reported on findings from the European Retail Payments Board Report on Access to and Acceptance of Cash, while Graham Mott from the LINK ATM Scheme provided insights into changing ATM demand in the United Kingdom in a presentation entitled ‘Emerging from the Pandemic, but into the Cost of Living Crises’.

Issues discussed here -  including access to cash, acceptance of cash and cash and crises - were three of six themes debated later in a series of ‘speed dating’ style round table discussions.

Three other speakers, Javier Rupérez from Spanish cash campaign Platform Denaria, Brett Scott Author of Cloudmoney and Zennan Green at Glory Global Solutions all made forceful presentations in defence of cash.

Denaria, which was set up last year and is funded by the Spanish CIT sector, has already been successful in the campaign to give Spaniards the right to pay in cash, which was enshrined into law this summer.  In demonstrating the success of advocacy at a local level, it perhaps provides a blueprint for advocacy groups in other countries and their efforts to maintain cash as a public good.

Brett Scott , who as well as an author is described as a monetary anthropologist , gave a fascinating view on what drives consumer payment behaviour, and how BigTech exploits this. Humans, he said, are essentially mimetic – i.e. they subconsciously follow one another – and payment companies, by driving out choice, are nudging the public into following the path to cashless.

On a more practical note, Zennan Green demonstrated that solutions are there to facilitate access to and availability of cash given the rapid closure in many countries of bank branches and ATMs. Glory – traditionally a supplier of automation technology for those bank branches – provides many of the new generations of solution, having recently embarked on a round of investment into companies that are harnessing digital technology to ensure physical access.

Cash, Innovation and CashTech

Marcel Ficken from ATMIA provided an update on the progress of the association’s Next Gen ATM project that aims to future proof the most important cash access channel.

Barry Röhrs offered a fascinating round up of innovations across the cash cycle in Africa, highlighting how a number of non-traditional players are enabling cash and payments access to the previously unbanked, harnessing new technologies at breathtaking speed.

Ahead of the inaugural CashTech Innovation Awards three CashTech entrepreneurs Sandipan Chakraborty of Sonect, Sergio Kvaternik of viafintech and Julian Schubert from Koenig & Bauer debated the topic ‘Can CashTech Solve the Cash Conundrum?’ While the CashTech industry is still nascent, the innovations to provide alternative cash access, acceptance and, in the case of Koenig & Bauer’s ValiCash™, an easy way of authenticating banknotes via a smartphone app, all offer important contributions to support the future of cash.

Role of Cash in the Future Monetary landscape

As mentioned, ahead of the Madrid gathering a number of participants took part in a Futures Literacy Lab to imagine the role of cash in the future monetary landscape.  To the wider conference delegates, Lab moderators Martin Calnan, UNESCO Chair for Futures Literacy and Riel Miller, Senior Fellow at Ecole des Ponts Business School provided insights into the Lab learnings, together with Antti Heinonen, Guillaume Lepecq and Richard Wall (Chairman of the International Association of Currency Affairs) - who were three of several group facilitators. What was evident from the Lab feedback and conference as a whole is that though cash is one of a growing range of competing payment methods IT IS SO MUCH MORE!  Yes, while cash is a unit of account, store of wealth and demonstrably turned to for contingency purposes, cash has so many other intrinsic and intangible characteristics, many deeply rooted in culture and tradition. These unique properties and attributes can’t be taken for granted and, left to market forces and aggressive payments industry competition. Cash access, acceptance and use may all diminish, being payments system agnostic is not good enough! Two comments emerged from the Lab sessions – ‘if we start thinking about the future of cash, we’ll spend less time discussing its short-term demise’ and ‘Money is like an army. If you don’t have your own, you will have someone else’s!

FOC2022

In numbers

61Organisations
24Countries
FOC2022 · 14–16 September 2022

Programme

Setting The Scene

09:00

, Cash Essentials

Wednesday 14 September · 09:00

Opening Remarks

Guillaume Lepecq, Cash Essentials

TBC Guillaume Lepecq introducing and opening the Future of Cash conference 2022.

Guillaume Lepecq
Cash Essentials · France

Guillaume Lepecq

CEO

Guillaume Lepecq is a globally recognized expert in payments and cash, with over three decades of experience shaping the future of monetary systems. As the co-founder of CashEssentials (est. 2018), he established a leading think tank dedicated to exploring the evolving role of cash in society, advocating for its continued relevance. CashEssentials has become a trusted platform for research, policy analysis, and dialogue on the future of cash, engaging with central banks, financial institutions, and policymakers worldwide. Guillaume’s career spans consulting, corporate leadership, and thought leadership. For 20 years, he has advised European financial institutions on cash and payment strategies. Earlier, as Director of Corporate Relations at the Association for the Monetary Union of Europe (1993–2001), he contributed to the strategic efforts That led to the adoption of the euro. Guillaume has written influential publications, including "Cash Essentials – Beyond Payments," "The Future of Cash," and "Managing the Changeover to the Euro."

09:10Slides

, Banco de España

Wednesday 14 September · 09:10

Cash in Spain in a Changing Environment

Helena Tejero, Banco de España

The world is in a constant transformation and issues like digitization, sustainability or environmental impact are now more relevant than ever. In this changing environment, cash must adapt and evolve. This presentation will give an overall view of some of the challenges that can be found nowadays in terms of cash management; changes in the demand and use of cash in Spain; or role of cash in a more digital society. Moreover, it will explore the way the Bank of Spain is responding to these changes.

Download the slides PDF · 1.1 MB · delegates only

Helena Tejero
Banco de España · Spain

Helena Tejero

Degree in Economics and Business Administration from the Universidad Pontificia de Comillas (Madrid) and a Master's Degree in Financial and Stock Management from the Universidad de Barcelona. She joined the Banco de España in 2006 to lead the implementation of the Operational Risk Management system throughout the Bank and, later, in the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). During the last eight years she led the Cash and Issue Department as Director. In May 2022 she was appointed Associated Director General Financial Conduct and Banknotes. She represents the Bank of Spain in the ESCB Banknotes Committee (BANCO) and the Coin Commission at the FNMT-RCM (Spanish Royal Mint). She has been professor in a master's degree in Public Management and has over 35 years of experience working and / or practicing as a consultant in the financial sector, both national and internationally.

09:30Slides

, European Central Bank

Wednesday 14 September · 09:30

The ECB 2030 Cash Strategy.

Paloma Varela, European Central Bank

The presentation will detail the evolution of euro banknotes and coin circulation until 2022, including how the corona pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict have impacted it in the last years. In addition, the details of the 2030 Eurosystem cash strategy will be explained with a focus on the work currently ongoing as regards access and acceptance of cash – its two paramount pillars.

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Paloma Varela
European Central Bank · Germany

Paloma Varela

Paloma Varela is the Head of the Currency Management Division in the Directorate Banknotes at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt since April 2022. Before that she was the Head of the Anti-Counterfeiting Section in the Currency Development Division of the Directorate Banknotes since the start of 2019. Before coming to the ECB, Paloma had a long career at the Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre (National Mint of Spain) in several expert and management roles in the field of security printing. Paloma holds a Master degree in Industrial Engineering from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.

09:50Slides

, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco

Wednesday 14 September · 09:50

Meeting Demand for Currency: Estimating and Measuring Cash Usage and Cash Access in the US

Kathleen Young, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco

The pandemic significantly changed how consumers shopped and made payments. This change in shopping behavior significantly reduced, but did not eliminate, the use of cash, which suggests that there is a floor to consumer cash use. Concurrently, as consumers’ use of cash decreased during the pandemic, the number of bank branch closures accelerated, reducing the number of branches below levels in the early 2000s.

While the Federal Reserve does not promote the use of cash, it is responsible for providing ready access to FedCash Services. Understanding how the supply and use of cash are related will ensure the Federal Reserve can meet its mission as payment use evolves. This presentation will examine how we may estimate a floor to cash usage in the US, methodologies to define and measure access to cash across the country, and how this work helps us to continue to meet demand for US currency as part of our FedCash Service mission.

Download the slides PDF · 2.6 MB · delegates only

Kathleen Young
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco · United States of America

Kathleen Young

As Chief of FedCash Business Strategy and Solutions, Kathleen Young is responsible for the Federal Reserve Cash Services business by guiding policies, procedures, and performance management, providing national currency and coin inventory management, engaging key supply chain participants, and supporting cash offices with operations solutions for FedCash® Services. Prior to joining the FedCash Services in 2016, Kathleen held a leadership position in Twelfth District IT, but the majority of her career has been in Federal Reserve Financial Services (FRFS). Her experiences include FedLine product management and working directly with customers at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, oversight of check and cash operations at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, and System leadership positions with large payments programs

Panel discussion and Q&A

Break - Refreshments

11:10Slides

, Bank of Finland

Wednesday 14 September · 11:10

A Global Update on Cash Demand in Turbulent Times.

Antti Heinonen, Bank of Finland

The paradoxical development of the two motives to use cash – the decline in its usage in payments accompanied by the growth in its holdings – has been evident for a number of years, but the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated this trend. Several payment studies confirmed the increase in online shopping and the growing use of contactless and mobile payments media in 2020, resulting in a significant decrease in the use of cash in transactions. At the same time, precautionary demand for cash grew, as is typical in times of uncertainty. In 2020, the use of cash as a store of value reached record growth rates, even exceeding those of the 2008 financial crisis.
When the pandemic eased its grip towards the end of 2021, a kind of return to a new normal was visible in cash demand. However, the events since then have shown this to be only temporary. Not only have the lockdowns during the pandemic disrupted global supply chains, but the shocking Russian invasion to Ukraine has created further uncertainty. Even if the war has hit hardest on the Ukrainian people and infrastructure, its impacts have been felt across the world, besides creating a strong reaction, it has brought about a galloping inflation of food and energy prices.
The presentation will focus first on the development of banknote circulation in value terms in 2021, and address particularly what did happen to the higher-than-normal cash balances accumulated during 2020. Secondly, addressing the development also in volume terms will shed further light on the store of value function of cash. Thirdly, the impacts on cash demand caused by the growing inflation and the geopolitical tensions created by the Russian attack will be assessed by considering the annual growth rates of the banknote demand in June 2022.
The two developments of cash usage going in opposite directions have raised questions within the central bank community on how to ensure the resilience of the cash infrastructure, and the access to and acceptance of cash. A functioning cash infrastructure in normal times is also a prerequisite for its operational capability in a crisis. The developments have also intensified discussion about central bank digital currency (CBDC) as a complementary form of public money. According to the most recent survey of BIS, nine out of 10 central banks in the survey are exploring CBDCs, and more than half are now developing them or running concrete experiments. Against this background the presentation will in conclusion elaborate why the avoidance of deterioration of the cash infrastructure is as important as the development of the CBDC from the point of view of the issuance of public money.

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Antti Heinonen
Bank of Finland · Finland

Antti Heinonen

External Advisor

Antti Heinonen has been the chairman of the Banknote Ethics Initiative since its inception in 2013. He was the chairman of the Central Bank Counterfeit Deterrence Group, reporting to G10 Governors, between 2008 and 2012 and the Director, Banknotes at the ECB from 1998 until 2008. He chaired the Banknote Committee of the European System of Central Banks for more than 10 years and the Eurosystem Cash Changeover Co-ordination Committee which had the overall responsibility for the co-ordination of the euro cash changeover in 2002. Prior to joining the ECB he was the chief cashier for the Bank of Finland. He holds degrees in economics and mathematics from the University of Helsinki, and has written several books on banknotes and their history.

11:30Slides

, European Savings and Retail Banking Group

Wednesday 14 September · 11:30

The European Retail Payments Board Report on access to and acceptance of cash

Diederik Bruggink, European Savings and Retail Banking Group

At the end of 2020 the Euro Retail Payments Board (ERPB) agreed to set up a working group on access to and acceptance of cash in the euro area. The working group was tasked to conduct a stock taking exercise of various ongoing initiatives by relevant stakeholders and to identify gaps not yet addressed and deserving further investigations. Diederik Bruggink, who was co-chair of this working group, will present the findings of this report.

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Diederik Bruggink
European Savings and Retail Banking Group · Belgium

Diederik Bruggink

Senior Director - Payments, Digital Finance and Innovation

Diederik Bruggink works at the European Savings and Retail Banking Group (ESBG where he is responsible for all payments topics worldwide. In that role, he also advocates the associations’ positions on payments with policymakers, regulators, standardisation bodies, industry associations, and enabling a constant member dialogue on developments, with a particular focus on innovation. He is also chair of the Cash Efficiency Working Group of the European Payments Council (EPC) and he was co-chair of the Euro Retail Payments Board (ERPB) working group on access to and acceptance of cash.

11:50Slides

, Natwest Group

Wednesday 14 September · 11:50

The Cash Industry Environmental Charter: Towards a Greener Cash Cycle.

Leeann Shanks, Natwest Group

NatWest is one of four organisations within the UK – and the only bank – operating within the Note Circulation Scheme on behalf of the Bank of England. NatWest Group is responsible for processing a significant proportion of the UK’s cash. In recent years, it has established a number of pilot schemes to mitigate the climate impact of cash, including the reduction of single use plastic.

NatWest Group has then led the UK Cash Industry to collaborate to deliver a sustainable future for cash, both financially and environmentally by creating the UK Cash Environmental Charter. As a founding signatory of the Charter NatWest has played a pivotal role in the delivery of transitional programmes of work with a continued focus on the reduction of single use plastic. Leeann will talk through the thought process to the creation of the Charter and what NatWest is doing to achieve the targets agreed.

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Leeann Shanks
Natwest Group · United Kingdom

Leeann Shanks

Leeann Shanks has a wholesale banking career spanning 22 years. During this time Leeann has worked in a variety of disciplines such as the Cash, Payments, Commercial Cards, Corporate, Commercial and Retail Banking. Leeann has a passion for the environment is currently leading the sustainability programme within NatWest’s Cash, Coin and Self-Serve Business, reducing the carbon footprint of operation’s and driving the strategic themes forward. Leeann also works closely with UK Cash Industry partners to continue the transition to a more sustainable UK Cash Cycle.

12:10Slides

, Banco de España

Wednesday 14 September · 12:10

How BdE is addressing the environmental sustainability of cash.

Carlos Gonzalez, Banco de España

Central banks have a great opportunity to steer and reduce the environmental impact of all the activities that are under their control and responsibility. Cash activity is probably the only core activity conducted by central banks that can be considered as an industrial one and so, its environmental impact has to be managed accordingly.
But each cash cycle has different participants, regulations and peculiarities. Banco the España is facing this challenge in a structured, global and comprehensive way, taking into account the different steps of the cash cycle in Spain, from cradle to grave, and also adapting its cash environmental strategy to the latest social and legal requirements.

Download the slides PDF · 1.2 MB · delegates only

Carlos Gonzalez
Banco de España · Spain

Carlos Gonzalez

Carlos joined the Banco de España in 2003. Since then he has been working in cash areas, assuming different responsibilities in the definition and implementation of cash projects and policies, cash circulation analysis, banknote production issues, security and environmental topics related with the euro banknotes. He has represented the Banco de España in different groups depending on the Banknote Committee of the Eurosystem. During this period, he also worked at the Directorate of Banknotes of the ECB. He has a degree in Economics (University of Alicante), an Executive-MBA (Comillas Pontifical University-ICADE) and a Diploma in European Business (University of Northampton).

Panel discussion and Q&A

Lunch

Round Table Session 1

Participants will join a table dedicated to an open discussion on the topics below. The discussions will be facilitated by a subject matter expert and will last for 40 minutes. The Futures Literacy Lab are only open to those who will have participated in the two remote sessions on 7 and 8 September. 

  • Access to Cash
  • Acceptance of Cash
  • CashTech and Innovation
  • Environmental Sustainability of Cash
  • Cash and CBDC
  • Cash and Crises

Round Table Session 2

A continuation of the Round Table, with delegates choosing to join two of the options.

Round Table Session 3

A continuation of the Round Table, with delegates choosing to join two of the options.

Break - Refreshments

Making The Case for Cash

16:45

, Denaria

Wednesday 14 September · 16:45

Cash and Financial Inclusion in Spain.

Javier Rupérez, Denaria

Denaria Platform aims to transfer to society the relevance of cash as an essential asset, in terms of economic interaction but also financial and social inclusion as it allows all people to manage themselves, without affecting their age, ability or geographical location. In its presentation, in September 2021, Denaria, published the results a survey on the importance of cash in society: 70% of spaniards consider access to cash essential in their lives, just over 30 million citizens. According to the same,the majority, 58%, say there are more barriers to cash now than before the Covid-19 pandemic, and 7%, reported having trouble paying with cash at least once since the Covid-19 pandemic began, rising to 13.6 % in cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants.
The aggressive digitization of payment methods has generated a major alarm regarding the financial and economic exclusion of large sections of the population. Public institutions should therefore be alerted to the risks and irreversible consequences for the economy and society of cash restraint. This would entail social risks due to growing financial exclusion, as well as risks of territorial disruption that particularly affect rural areas; security risks, as industries or areas could be unprotected from cyber attacks or network crashes; lack of alternative means of payment in emergency situations; and economic risks in sectors and areas where cash is essential for tradedevelopment.It is a fact that digital revolution in the field of banking is underminingthe universal right of access to cash, laying down socially or economically vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, the disabled, rural areas or small businesses. Many citizens in Spain feel themselves financially excluded.
DENARIA works on raising awareness about the importance of cash as a critical infrastructure in the economy, especially in situations of contingency:emergency situations, such as hacker attacks, natural disasters or wars have highlighted the need to have cash to ensure the functioning of the economy. But also on the difficulty of access to cash -withdrawal and delivery – due to situations such as an increasing distance to the bank office or obstacles to the management of digital systems that can be a factor of financial and social exclusion. Denaria has also favored increasing the cash payment limit, currently set at €1,000. The recent opinion of the European Central Bank (March 15th) harshly criticizes it for being disproportionate and anticipates “adverse effects on the legal tender status of euro banknotes, which is the only legal tender for European citizens”. The institution responsible for monetary policy recalls that cash is always available as “does not require an operational technical infrastructure or related investments, very relevant considerations, for example in cases of power outage or failure of electronic payment systems.

Javier Rupérez
Denaria · Spain

Javier Rupérez

Javier Ruperez, President of Plataforma Denaria, holds the rank of Ambassador in the Spanish Diplomatic Service. He was Spain’s Ambassador to the US (2000-2004), to the Madrid Session of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (1979-1982) and to NATO (1982-1983). He was Assistant Secretary General and Executive Director of the Counterterrorism Committee at the United Nations Security Council (2004-2007). He has served in Ethiopia, Poland, Finland, and Switzerland. He was a member of the Spanish Parliament, as a Representative or a Senator. He has published several books on foreign policy, international relations and the fight against terrorism. He is a regular contributor to the Spanish daily press. Currently he is President of the consulting firm RuperezInternational. He is a corresponding member of the “Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas” in Madrid and teaches International Relations and Security at several Spanish and American universities.

17:05Slides

, Author of Cloudmoney

Wednesday 14 September · 17:05

Cash, Cards, Crypto and the War for our Wallets.

Brett Scott, Author of Cloudmoney

Cash, Cards, Crypto and the War for our Wallets: Brett Scott discusses his new book Cloudmoney, which explores how physical cash is under attack from both Big Tech and Big Finance, and how the crypto movements increasingly contribute to this war on cash.

Download the slides PDF · 5.1 MB · delegates only

Brett Scott
Author of Cloudmoney · United Kingdom

Brett Scott

Brett Scott is a journalist, campaigner, monetary anthropologist and former financial broker. He is the author of Cloudmoney: Cash, Cards, Crypto and the War for our Wallets (2022), a book that explores the deep politics and dangers of cashless society, and which lays out an argument for the protection of cash. He is also the author of The Heretic's Guide to Global Finance (2013). He publishes the Altered States of Monetary Consciousness newsletter and tweets as @suitpossum

17:30Slides

, Glory

Wednesday 14 September · 17:30

“Cash is Dead”. Rinse and Repeat

Zennan Green, Glory

How many times have we heard about the imminent demise of cash? And yet, here it is: Cash is still very much with us. So what lies behind the predictions of the death of cash? Why do we keep seeing the same headlines about the cash-less society, year after year? But more importantly, what are we doing about it, and how can cash automation technology help?

Download the slides PDF · 10.0 MB · delegates only

Zennan Green
Glory · United Kingdom

Zennan Green

With over 25 years of experience in the technology industry, over half of which has been focused on the financial and retail sectors, Zennan Green is fascinated by how humans and technology work together to help businesses interact with their customers. He leads a team that engages with banks, retailers, industry analysts and commentators around the world, sharing ideas and exploring forward-looking solutions to the challenges around cash automation and beyond. He holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Information Systems Engineering. A keen musician and accomplished bagpipe player, Zennan regularly competes at the prestigious World Pipe Band Championships, where his band has been crowned World Champions.

Panel discussion and Q&A

Welcome Reception

Towards a New Normal? The Role of Cash in the Future

09:00Slides

, Deutsche Bundesbank

Thursday 15 September · 09:00

Cash Demand in Germany: Past, Present and Future.

Heike Wörlen, Deutsche Bundesbank

During the pandemic, banknotes in circulation have increased sharply in many countries, but at the same time, the overall use of cash as a means of payment has declined. Making use of recent research, the presentation will cover the development of banknote demand and payment behaviour in Germany during the pandemic. But where will cash demand land after the pandemic? What is the future role of cash in Germany as a store of value and a means of payment? And how can central banks create the future of cash?

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Heike Wörlen
Deutsche Bundesbank · Germany

Heike Wörlen

Heike Wörlen is Head of Section at the Deutsche Bundesbank's Directorate General Cash Management and holds a PhD in Business Administration. Her main focus is on policy issues relating to cash payments and the cash cycle, as well as studies and analyzes of cash.

09:20Slides

, Reserve Bank of New Zealand

Thursday 15 September · 09:20

Te Moni Anamata (the Future of Cash) – A Case Study from Aotearoa (New Zealand)

Ian Woolford, Reserve Bank of New Zealand

Ian Woolford has worked in a variety of roles at the Reserve Bank of New Zealand over the last 30 years. Ian started his career in the Economics Department, and has been a Manager in the Financial Markets, Financial Stability, and Prudential departments. He was also New Zealand’s representative on the IMF Executive Board (1999-2001).
As Director of Money and Cash, he is responsible for all currency operational functions (banknote and coin procurement and related activities), as well broader money related policy issues such as the redesign of the cash system, Central Bank Digital Currency, and policy issues relating to private innovation in money.

Download the slides PDF · 1.4 MB · delegates only

Ian Woolford
Reserve Bank of New Zealand · New Zealand

Ian Woolford

Ian Woolford has worked in a variety of roles at the Reserve Bank of New Zealand over the last 30 years. Ian started his career in the Economics Department, and has been a Manager in the Financial Markets, Financial Stability, and Prudential departments. He was also New Zealand’s representative on the IMF Executive Board (1999-2001). As Director of Money and Cash, he is responsible for all currency operational functions (banknote and coin procurement and related activities), as well broader money related policy issues such as the redesign of the cash system, Central Bank Digital Currency, and policy issues relating to private innovation in money.

09:40Slides

, LINK ATM Scheme

Thursday 15 September · 09:40

Emerging from the pandemic but into the cost of living crisis

Graham Mott, LINK ATM Scheme

Just as consumers start to think about the post-pandemic world, the cost of living crisis is upon us, a rapidly evolving threat it may once again change peoples’ relationship with cash.

Download the slides PDF · 1.3 MB · delegates only

Graham Mott
LINK ATM Scheme · United Kingdom

Graham Mott

Director of Strategy

Graham joined LINK in 2006 and is currently Director of Strategy. This also covers initiatives like the future of cash, and interchange, as well as external relations, public affairs, fraud management, physical ATM crime and liaison with LINK’s Members. During the coronavirus pandemic a large part of Graham’s role has been the analysis of consumers cash and ATM use, helping LINK develop the best responses to a fast-moving crisis. External relations remains a key element of Graham’s role, leading LINK’s liaison a wide range of organisations such as the Government, the Bank of England, Treasury as well as contacts with police, service suppliers, local authorities and regulators such as the Payments System Regulator (PSR) and consumer and charity groups. Graham was formerly Head of ATMs at Santander and also worked for several years with cahoot, the on-line bank. He completed a MBA at Warwick University Business School, completing a dissertation on the future of financial services over the Internet. He is married and lives in Buckinghamshire, England.

10:00Slides

, Banca d'Italia

Thursday 15 September · 10:00

Cash cycle functioning: a supply side perspective.

Gianluca Maddaloni, Banca d'Italia

Most economic literature considers money demand models based on agents’ need to execute transactions and to hold stocks for precautionary and/or speculative purposes. In the euro area the theory has subsequently been applied to payment instruments. In particular, as far as banknotes are concerned, the available studies, in addition to having discussed the role of the variables traditionally determining demand, have highlighted a possible paradox consisting in the continuous growth of the cumulative net issuance of Central Banks even in the presence of a decline in cash transactions. The conclusions reached by this theoretical corpus neglects, however, the concrete functioning of the “cash cycle”, i.e. the complex of actors, the so-called cash handlers, and the distribution channels through which banknotes are issued, enter circulation and are used by operators for the purposes identified by monetary theory. In other words, the supply side of cash does not appear to have received comparable attention to the demand side. The paper describes the actual functioning of the “cash cycle” showing the condition under which cash provision could be disrupted even in presence of demand. Second, the study discusses how cash handler’s distribution choices on supply channels can determine the polarization of market demand for cash over a subset of denominations thus leading to Pareto Optimality issues.

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Gianluca Maddaloni
Banca d'Italia · Italy

Gianluca Maddaloni

Gianluca Maddaloni: graduated in Political Economy, with honors, at Sapienza University of Rome in 2009. He is currently advisor in currency circulation management division of the Currency Circulation Management Directorate. He has been working at Banca d’Italia since 2010 in the cash management concerning requirements estimation and monitoring. As member of ECBs Banknotes Requirements Expert Group is in charge of reviewing the draft production requirements as well as the medium-term outlook for the requirements for the following three years.

Panel discussion and Q&A

Break - Refreshments

Panel Discussion - The Role of Cash in the Future Monetary Landscape

In a round table discussion the futurists and facilitators from the Futures Literacy Lab will share their learnings from the lab as well as thoughts on the way forward. 

  • Riel Miller, Ecole des Ponts Business School
  • Antti Heinonen, Banknote Ethics Initiative
  • Richard Wall, International Association of Currency Affairs 

Lunch

Cash, Innovation and CashTech

14:00

, National Bank of Belgium

Thursday 15 September · 14:00

A New Cash Centre for NBB.

Wim Goyens, National Bank of Belgium

A couple of years ago the National Bank of Belgium has decided to centralize all cash related activities. The search for a suitable location, the design and the building project itself are addressed in this presentation.

Wim Goyens
National Bank of Belgium · Belgium

Wim Goyens

Wim Goyens has started his career in the ‘80s in IT. He joined the National Bank of Belgium in 1997 and moved from IT to the printing works five years later. For 15 years and until the closure in 2019 he was production manager. NBB’s printing works played a very imported role in the development of the second series of Euro banknotes. Wim has been active in various working groups in the ECB as well as in the international community. Since beginning 2020 he has joined NBB’s Cash entity. He is responsible for the sorting activities, technology and engineering and he represents Cash in the building project team of the New Cash Center.

14:20Slides

, ATMIA

Thursday 15 September · 14:20

Next Gen ATMIA – Cash Bundling Use Cases.

Marcel Ficken, ATMIA

Learn HOW to Future Proof the CASH Self Service Channel and Benefit from Next Gen ATMIA,
using the Next Gen ATMIA Journey Process and Use Cases to boost your future proofing CASH project.

Download the slides PDF · 2.8 MB · delegates only

Marcel Ficken
ATMIA · Netherlands

Marcel Ficken

Marcel has 20+ years of experience in the European Payment Industry started at Eurocard Netherlands, followed by Interpay/Equens and 5 years as managing director of Collis Turkey before sold back to UL. The last 3 years he is the ATMIA technical advisor to future proofing the ATM industry and author of the Next Gen ATM Blueprint, Implementation Guide and Next Gen ATMIA Certification system together with the Next Gen ATM consortium global workinggroups and comittees. He won several awards from international consultant of the year till Next Gen Thought Leadership for his next gen work around the globe.

14:40Slides

, Rohrs and Associates

Thursday 15 September · 14:40

Cash Cycle Innovation in Africa.

Barry Röhrs, Rohrs and Associates

No_abstract

Download the slides PDF · 3.4 MB · delegates only

Barry Röhrs
Rohrs and Associates · South Africa

Barry Röhrs

Director

Barry started Röhrs and Associates, a niche consulting and advisory business, in 2018. He has more than 25 years of experience across the banking and manufacturing industries with a payments, finance, operations and supply chain management focus. Barry is a Chartered Management Accountant (CGMA, ACMA). He completed his undergraduate and honours degrees in Commerce at the University of Natal, and has a master’s degree in Financial Management from the University of Johannesburg. Barry has passion for innovation especially seeking opportunities to disrupt and make a difference at the intersection of traditional payments, emerging payments and cash. He is a student of the theory and economics of payments and cash, its evolution, technology and the fundemantals which drive cash behaviour and economics. He is delighted, after lockdown to resume participation in industry think tanks and resuming visits to clients optimising payments and cash operations worldwide.

Panel discussion and Q&A

Break - Refreshments

Panel Discussion - Can CashTech solve the Cash Conundrum?

CashTech is the confluence of cash and technology. CashTech gathers companies which leverage software and communications technology to provide improved cash services – including access to cash and acceptance of cash payments – as well as to enhance the efficiency of the cash cycle.

The panelists will discuss how new players can impact the cash cycle. Will they challenge or partner with traditional players? Will they compete with existing bank branches and ATMs or will they offer an alternative channel? Can they disrupt the trend towards increasing use of digital payments? Or can they turn cash into a digital payment? Can Cashtech play a more prominent role in the future cash cycle? How can their business model be more attractive for retailers and other stakeholders? Should central banks and retailers encourage their expansion?

  • Sandipan Chakraborty, Sonect
  • Sergio Kvaternik, Viafintech
  • Julian Shubert, Koenig & Bauer Banknote Solutions

Presentation of CashTech Innovation Awards

Drinks Reception

Research Seminar - Understanding the Costs of Payments

Measuring the costs of payments has always been a complex issue, and various studies have reached very different conclusions. At a time when the payment landscape is undergoing radical and potentially disruptive change, the Costs of Payments Seminar offers a unique opportunity to debate the issue with researchers, academics, payments experts and economists. Chair: Franz Seitz, Weiden Technical University of Applied Sciences

09:00

, Weiden Technical University of Applied Sciences

Friday 16 September · 09:00

Opening Remarks

Franz Seitz, Weiden Technical University of Applied Sciences

No_abstract

Franz Seitz
Weiden Technical University of Applied Sciences · Germany

Franz Seitz

Professor

Professor Franz Seitz teaches Economics with a special focus on Monetary Policy and Financial Markets at Weiden Technical University of Applied Sciences in Germany. He is author of numerous articles in national and international journals. His main fields of research are monetary theory and policy, financial markets as well as payments markets, especially cash in circulation. For many years now, Professor Seitz is acting as a consultant in different projects for central banks, commercial banks and financial as well as non-financial corporations.

09:15

, Federal Reserve System

Friday 16 September · 09:15

Estimating the Cost to US Consumers to Access Cash.

Alexander Bau, Federal Reserve System

This presentation will discuss the costs that US consumers pay to acquire cash, which can vary considerably depending on where consumers acquire cash. Using data from consumer surveys, depository institution reports, and location data, the analysis of cash access costs focuses on three aspects: the likelihood of individuals paying a fee, the difference in costs across age and household income groups, and the distance traveled and time needed to acquire cash. We also explore how the resiliency of cash access may affect the access costs for different populations if the number of cash access points were to decrease. Understanding these consumer costs will help the Federal Reserve understand how demand for cash may change as consumer payments evolve and ensure that the Federal Reserve continues to fulfill its FedCash Service mission to meet the public’s demand for currency and coin.

Federal Reserve System · United States of America

Alexander Bau

Alexander joined the Federal Reserve in 2010. He has spent 10 years in FedCash Services, which formulates policies and strategies for currency and coin services provided by all Reserve Banks across the United States and internationally. His responsibilities include leading research and analysis related to cash’s role in society, the evolution of the cash supply chain, and how these changes may affect the Federal Reserve’s ability to meet its FedCash mission over time. In addition, Alexander is responsible for the administration and review of key components of the Federal Reserve’s cash policies. Alex holds a BS in Business Administration from the University of Southern California, with concentrations in Finance and Management Information Systems.

09:45

, Swiss National Bank

Friday 16 September · 09:45

SNB Presents A Survey of Swiss Companies on Payment Methods.

Giannina Elsaid, Swiss National Bank

In summer 2021, the SNB conducted its first comprehensive payment method survey of companies, with a particular focus on cash usage. Around 2,000 companies operating in Switzerland participated in the survey, across all size categories, language regions and industries. The survey comprises questions covering the use and acceptance of payment methods, the motives for holding cash, and the supply and distribution of cash. This presentation will provide insight into the methodology as well as the main findings of the survey.

Giannina Elsaid
Swiss National Bank · Switzerland

Giannina Elsaid

Giannina Elsaid joined the Swiss National Bank’s Cash Division in 2021. In her position as an Analyst on the Cash Market Analysis team, her responsibilities include the collection and analysis of data on cash in circulation, as well as contributing to research projects and the household survey on payment methods. She holds a Masters in Economics from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).

Q&A

Break - Refreshments

Research Seminar - Understanding the Costs of Payments

11:15

, Deutsche Bundesbank

Friday 16 September · 11:15

The Cost of Retail Payments in Germany.

Fabio Knümann, Deutsche Bundesbank

The Bundesbank together with the EHI Retail Institute conducted this study on the costs of cash payments with the objective of determining and comparing the costs of cash and card payments in the retail sector. The study also sheds light on how the German retail sector is structured, how long it takes to make a payment at a POS and which activities are taken into account when calculating the costs.

Fabio Knümann
Deutsche Bundesbank · Germany

Fabio Knümann

Fabio Knümann is an analyst at the Deutsche Bundesbank’s Directorate General Cash Management and holds a master’s degree in economics. Fabio is an expert at the Bundesbank on the costs of payment instruments and central bank digital currency. He was co-author of the publication The costs of cash payments in the retail sector and has already spoken at various international conferences.

11:45

, European Central Bank

Friday 16 September · 11:45

Cost of Retail Payments – an Overview of Recent National Studies in Europe.

Kerstin Junius, European Central Bank

The presentation will provide an overview of studies on the social and private costs of retail payments conducted since 2013 in nine EU countries. Despite varying scopes and methodological differences, the overview shows that a comparison of results between 2009 and 2016 in Denmark and Italy, between 2015 and 2018 in Poland and between 2009 and 2017 in Portugal, points to decreasing overall social costs for retail payments relative to gross domestic product (GDP). Moreover, the data suggest that changing payment habits – the shift to electronic payments and in particular debit cards – have an impact on unit costs, which represent the costs per transaction.

European Central Bank · Germany

Kerstin Junius

Kerstin Junius is a Senior Market Infrastructure Expert in the Directorate Market Infrastructure and Payments at the European Central Bank and lead author of the ECB occasional paper “Costs of retail payments – an overview of recent national studies in Europe”. She holds a master’s degree in economics from Kiel University.

12:15Slides

, University of St Gallen

Friday 16 September · 12:15

The Cost of Retail Payments in Switzerland – A Methodological Approach.

Tobias Trütsch, University of St Gallen

We provide insights on the ongoing study about the costs of retail payments in Switzerland focusing on the methodological aspects. We discuss our study design, possible problems, and preliminary results (if available).
Tobias Trütsch, University of St Gallen (Switzerland)

Download the slides PDF · 714.4 KB · delegates only

Tobias Trütsch
University of St Gallen · Switzerland

Tobias Trütsch

Payments Economist and Managing Director of the Center for Financial Services Innovation at the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland. His research interests are payment and monetary economics with special emphasis on innovative payment products and individual payment behaviour.

Q&A

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FOC 2022 presentations

For delegates of the conference: please use the password sent by [email protected].

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Each talk's slides are also in the programme above.

FOC2022 · 61 organisations

Attendees

  • ATMIANetherlands
  • Banca d'ItaliaItaly
  • Banco de EspañaSpain
  • Banco de PortugalPortugal
  • Bangko Sentral ng PilipinasPhilippines
  • Bangor UniversityUnited Kingdom
  • Bank of CanadaCanada
  • Bank of FinlandFinland
  • Bank of UgandaUganda
  • BNP ParibasFrance
  • BNP Paribas PolskaPoland
  • British Retail ConsortiumUnited Kingdom
  • Cash EssentialsFrance
  • CashwayFrance
  • Central Bank of SeychellesSeychelles
  • Central Bank of SudanSudan
  • Chuo UniversityJapan
  • CPIUnited Kingdom
  • CUNEF Business School and Bangor UniversitySpain
  • Demos HelsinkiFinland
  • DenariaSpain
  • De Nederlandsche BankNetherlands
  • Deutsche BundesbankGermany
  • Ecole des Pont Business SchoolFrance
  • Erste BankAustria
  • Euro Automatic CashSpain
  • European Central BankGermany
  • European Savings and Retail Banking GroupBelgium
  • Federal Reserve Bank of San FranciscoUnited States of America
  • Federal Reserve BoardUnited States of America
  • G+D Currency Technology Iberia SLSpain
  • GeldmaatNetherlands
  • Glory Global SolutionsCanada
  • International Association of Currency AffairsUnited States of America
  • JCM GlobalJapan
  • Koenig & BauerSwitzerland
  • LINK ATM SchemeUnited Kingdom
  • LoomisSpain
  • Masterwork AutomodulesTaiwan
  • Monea Coin TechnologySpain
  • MPT Security Zrt.Hungary
  • Mühlbauer GmbH & Co. KGGermany
  • National Bank of BelgiumBelgium
  • Natwest GroupUnited Kingdom
  • Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB/SMH)Austria
  • OneBanksUnited Kingdom
  • Orell Füssli Security PrintingSwitzerland
  • Orfix InternationalGermany
  • PiP iT GlobalIreland
  • Prosegur CashSpain
  • Reserve Bank of New ZealandNew Zealand
  • Rohrs and AssociatesSouth Africa
  • Royal Bank of ScotlandUnited Kingdom
  • SBV ServicesSouth Africa
  • ShrapUnited Kingdom
  • SICPASwitzerland
  • SonectSwitzerland
  • Swiss National BankSwitzerland
  • University of St GallenSwitzerland
  • viafintechGermany
  • Weiden Technical University of Applied SciencesGermany
FOC2022

Sponsors

  • Cash Essentials
  • Glory
  • Prosegur Cash
Gallery · 81 photos

Day 1

Gallery · 30 photos

Day 2

Gallery · 19 photos

Day 3

The Future of Cash

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